PEMANFAATAN BATANG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) MENJADI BIOETANOL DENGAN PERLAKUAN PENDAHULUAN MENGGUNAKAN PROSES KRAFT

PEMANFAATAN BATANG KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) MENJADI BIOETANOL DENGAN PERLAKUAN PENDAHULUAN MENGGUNAKAN PROSES KRAFT

(UTILIZATION OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) STEM FOR BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION WITH PRETREATMENT USING

KRAFT PROCESS)

Muhammad Daud¹, Wasrin Syafii¹, Khaswar Syamsu²

¹Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

²Departemen Teknologi Industri Pertanian, IPB

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the best pretreatment and time of inoculation to produce bioethanol from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) stem using simulataneous saccharification and fermentation  (SSF) processes with Aspergillus niger dan Saccharomyces cereviciae. The samples were chipped and then milled to determine their chemical properties before treatments. The study was conducted to determine the best pretreatment to produce the highest yield of pulp and low of kappa number and lignin content  The treatments were conducted under three kinds of alkalinity (active alkali) namely 16, 18 and 20% and also two kinds of sulfidity namely 20 and 25% using kraft process. Then, pulp treated using SSF processes. SSF runs were performed in 500 ml fermentors using a  total slurry 200 ml. The substrate and nutrient media were autoclaved (121 ^oC and 20 minutes). The samples diluted to 2,5% (w/v) of total slurry was used as substrate. The substrate was added with 10% (v/v) Aspegillus niger (6,5 x 10⁷ CFU/cc) of total slurry and then inoculated with 10% (v/v) yeast Saccharomyces cereviciae (1,5 x 10⁹ CFU/cc). The SSF experiments were run for 96 hours and the data were investigated five time namely 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The results showed that alkalinity and sulfidity effect to yield of pulp, kappa number and lignin content.  The best pretreatment to production bioethanol from oil palm stem was using alkalinity 16% and sulfidity 20% which produce yield of pulp 39,17%. total of sugar and reducing sugar tended to decrease with time of inoculation whereas ethanol concentration increase significantly. The growth of Aspegiluus niger and Saccharomyces cereviciae yeast tended to incease in initial inoculation and decrease by the end of inoculation. The best of inoculation time in bioethanol production was 96 hours which produce bioethanol concentration, yield of bioethanol and bioethanol productivity were 0,31%; 1,94% and 470,88 litre/ha/year.

Key words:  Bioethanol, pretreatments, oil palm, kraft process, simulataneous saccharification and fermentation